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	<title>Available Packages and Analyses - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-05-16T06:07:22Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=635&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar: /* Packages and Analyses available in R */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=635&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-08-27T20:35:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Packages and Analyses available in R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:35, 27 August 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l5&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 5:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Ancestral state reconstruction''' : Continuous characters can be reconstructed using maximum likelihood, generalised least squares or independent contrasts in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Root ancestral character states under Brownian motion or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models can be reconstructed in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, though ancestral states at the internal nodes are not. Discrete characters can be reconstructed using a variety of Markovian models that parameterize the transition rates among states using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Ancestral state reconstruction''' : Continuous characters can be reconstructed using maximum likelihood, generalised least squares or independent contrasts in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Root ancestral character states under Brownian motion or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models can be reconstructed in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, though ancestral states at the internal nodes are not. Discrete characters can be reconstructed using a variety of Markovian models that parameterize the transition rates among states using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Diversification Analysis''': Lineage through time plots can be done in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; laser &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A simple birth-death model for when you have extant species only (sensu Nee et al. 1994) can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; as can survival models and goodness-of-fit tests (as applied to testing of models of diversification). &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; Laser&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements likelihood methods using a model testing approach for inferring temporal shifts in diversification rates based on a birth-death or pure-birth process. The gamma statistic (Pybus and Harvey 2000) is also available in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; laser&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Colless and Sackin's topological methods for analyzing diversification are available in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; apTreeshape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; as is the test for significant shifts in diversification (sensu Moore, Chan and Donoghue 2004). Net rates of diversification (sensu Magellon and Sanderson) can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Diversification Analysis''': Lineage through time plots can be done in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; laser &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A simple birth-death model for when you have extant species only (sensu Nee et al. 1994) can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; as can survival models and goodness-of-fit tests (as applied to testing of models of diversification). &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; Laser&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements likelihood methods using a model testing approach for inferring temporal shifts in diversification rates based on a birth-death or pure-birth process. The gamma statistic (Pybus and Harvey 2000) is also available in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; laser&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Colless and Sackin's topological methods for analyzing diversification are available in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; apTreeshape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; as is the test for significant shifts in diversification (sensu Moore, Chan and Donoghue 2004). Net rates of diversification (sensu Magellon and Sanderson) can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. The &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; diversitree &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; package includes the BiSSE method (Binary State Speciation and Extinction; Maddison et al. 2007) and extensions for terminally unresolved trees and skeleton trees (FitzJohn et al., Syst. Biol., in press)&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Divergence Times''': Non-parametric rate smoothing (NPRS) and penalized likelihood can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Divergence Times''': Non-parametric rate smoothing (NPRS) and penalized likelihood can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Tree Simulations''': Trees can be simulated using a Yule, PDA, biased or speciation specified model in apTreeshape, a birth-death process in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; PhySim &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Random trees can be generated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; by random splitting of edges (for non-parametric trees) or random clustering of tips (for coalescent trees).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Tree Simulations''': Trees can be simulated using a Yule, PDA, biased or speciation specified model in apTreeshape, a birth-death process in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; PhySim &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Random trees can be generated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; by random splitting of edges (for non-parametric trees) or random clustering of tips (for coalescent trees).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait evolution''': Independent contrasts for continuous characters can be calculated using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Pagel's continuous and discrete analyzes can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. In its current implementation, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits only single-optimum models. &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; Matticce &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements an information-theoretic approach to estimating where transitions in a continuous character have occurred on a phylogenetic tree, provides helper functions for &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; to automate the process of painting regimes and to summarize analyses over trees and over regimes, and provides a simulation functions for visualizing how diﬀerent model parameters affect inference of the evolution of a continuous character. ANOVA's and MANOVA's in a phylogenetic context can also be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A GLS linear model (sensu Garland and Ives 2000) can be fitted using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; PHYLOGR&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;; the more traditional GLS methods (senu Grafen or Martins) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic autoregression (sensu Cheverud et al) and Phylogenetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; or--if you wish the significance test of Moran's I to be calculated via a randomization procedure--in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. The package &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; smatr &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits bivariate lines in allometry using the major axis (MA) or standardised major axis (SMA), and allows to make inferences about such lines, including confidence intervals, one-sample tests for slope and elevation, and testing for a common slope or elevation amongst several allometric lines.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait evolution''': Independent contrasts for continuous characters can be calculated using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Pagel's continuous and discrete analyzes can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. In its current implementation, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits only single-optimum models. &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; Matticce &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements an information-theoretic approach to estimating where transitions in a continuous character have occurred on a phylogenetic tree, provides helper functions for &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; to automate the process of painting regimes and to summarize analyses over trees and over regimes, and provides a simulation functions for visualizing how diﬀerent model parameters affect inference of the evolution of a continuous character. ANOVA's and MANOVA's in a phylogenetic context can also be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A GLS linear model (sensu Garland and Ives 2000) can be fitted using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; PHYLOGR&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;; the more traditional GLS methods (senu Grafen or Martins) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic autoregression (sensu Cheverud et al) and Phylogenetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; or--if you wish the significance test of Moran's I to be calculated via a randomization procedure--in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. The package &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; smatr &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits bivariate lines in allometry using the major axis (MA) or standardised major axis (SMA), and allows to make inferences about such lines, including confidence intervals, one-sample tests for slope and elevation, and testing for a common slope or elevation amongst several allometric lines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait Simulations''' : Continuous traits can be simulated using brownian motion in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, the Hansen model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and a speciational model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Discrete traits can be simulated using a continuous time Markov model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Both discrete and continuous traits can be simulated under models where rates change through time in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait Simulations''' : Continuous traits can be simulated using brownian motion in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, the Hansen model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and a speciational model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Discrete traits can be simulated using a continuous time Markov model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Both discrete and continuous traits can be simulated under models where rates change through time in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=634&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar: /* Packages not yet on CRAN */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=634&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-08-27T20:26:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Packages not yet on CRAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:26, 27 August 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l41&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 41:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Packages not yet on CRAN ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Packages not yet on CRAN ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/prog/diversitree/ Diversitree]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/mattice/ maticce]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/mattice/ maticce]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://phylobase.r-forge.r-project.org/ phylobase]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://phylobase.r-forge.r-project.org/ phylobase]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=633&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar: /* References */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=633&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-23T20:24:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;References&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:24, 23 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l65&quot;&gt;Line 65:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 65:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Pagel M 1999 Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution. Nature 401, 877-884&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Pagel M 1999 Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution. Nature 401, 877-884&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Pybus OG, Harvey PH 2000. Testing macro-evolutionary models using incomplete molecular phylogenies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 267, 2267-2272.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# Pybus OG, Harvey PH 2000. Testing macro-evolutionary models using incomplete molecular phylogenies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 267, 2267-2272.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Warton, David I., Ian J. Wright, Daniel S. Falster and Mark Westoby (2006). Bivariate line-fitting methods for allometry. Biological Reviews  81: 259-291&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:HowTo]][[Category:R Help]]&lt;/del&gt;[[Category:Comparative Methods Help]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Comparative Methods Help]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=632&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar: /* Packages on CRAN */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=632&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-23T20:23:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Packages on CRAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:23, 23 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l37&quot;&gt;Line 37:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 37:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PhySim/index.html PhySim]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PhySim/index.html PhySim]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/picante/index.html picante]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/picante/index.html picante]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/psmatr/index.html smatr]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Packages not yet on CRAN ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Packages not yet on CRAN ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=631&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar: /* Packages and Analyses available in R */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=631&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-23T20:22:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Packages and Analyses available in R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:22, 23 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Tree Simulations''': Trees can be simulated using a Yule, PDA, biased or speciation specified model in apTreeshape, a birth-death process in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; PhySim &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Random trees can be generated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; by random splitting of edges (for non-parametric trees) or random clustering of tips (for coalescent trees).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Tree Simulations''': Trees can be simulated using a Yule, PDA, biased or speciation specified model in apTreeshape, a birth-death process in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; PhySim &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Random trees can be generated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; by random splitting of edges (for non-parametric trees) or random clustering of tips (for coalescent trees).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait evolution''': Independent contrasts for continuous characters can be calculated using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Pagel's continuous and discrete analyzes can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. In its current implementation, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits only single-optimum models. &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; Matticce &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements an information-theoretic approach to estimating where transitions in a continuous character have occurred on a phylogenetic tree, provides helper functions for &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; to automate the process of painting regimes and to summarize analyses over trees and over regimes, and provides a simulation functions for visualizing how diﬀerent model parameters affect inference of the evolution of a continuous character. ANOVA's and MANOVA's in a phylogenetic context can also be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A GLS linear model (sensu Garland and Ives 2000) can be fitted using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; PHYLOGR&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;; the more traditional GLS methods (senu Grafen or Martins) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic autoregression (sensu Cheverud et al) and Phylogenetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; or--if you wish the significance test of Moran's I to be calculated via a randomization procedure--in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait evolution''': Independent contrasts for continuous characters can be calculated using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Pagel's continuous and discrete analyzes can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. In its current implementation, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits only single-optimum models. &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; Matticce &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements an information-theoretic approach to estimating where transitions in a continuous character have occurred on a phylogenetic tree, provides helper functions for &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; to automate the process of painting regimes and to summarize analyses over trees and over regimes, and provides a simulation functions for visualizing how diﬀerent model parameters affect inference of the evolution of a continuous character. ANOVA's and MANOVA's in a phylogenetic context can also be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A GLS linear model (sensu Garland and Ives 2000) can be fitted using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; PHYLOGR&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;; the more traditional GLS methods (senu Grafen or Martins) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic autoregression (sensu Cheverud et al) and Phylogenetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; or--if you wish the significance test of Moran's I to be calculated via a randomization procedure--in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. The package &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; smatr &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits bivariate lines in allometry using the major axis (MA) or standardised major axis (SMA), and allows to make inferences about such lines, including confidence intervals, one-sample tests for slope and elevation, and testing for a common slope or elevation amongst several allometric lines&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait Simulations''' : Continuous traits can be simulated using brownian motion in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, the Hansen model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and a speciational model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Discrete traits can be simulated using a continuous time Markov model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Both discrete and continuous traits can be simulated under models where rates change through time in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait Simulations''' : Continuous traits can be simulated using brownian motion in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, the Hansen model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and a speciational model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Discrete traits can be simulated using a continuous time Markov model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Both discrete and continuous traits can be simulated under models where rates change through time in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=630&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar: /* Packages and Analyses available in R */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=630&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-16T18:58:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Packages and Analyses available in R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:58, 16 January 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l15&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 15:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Tree Simulations''': Trees can be simulated using a Yule, PDA, biased or speciation specified model in apTreeshape, a birth-death process in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; PhySim &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Random trees can be generated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; by random splitting of edges (for non-parametric trees) or random clustering of tips (for coalescent trees).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Tree Simulations''': Trees can be simulated using a Yule, PDA, biased or speciation specified model in apTreeshape, a birth-death process in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; PhySim &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Random trees can be generated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; by random splitting of edges (for non-parametric trees) or random clustering of tips (for coalescent trees).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait evolution''': Independent contrasts for continuous characters can be calculated using ape. Pagel's continuous and discrete analyzes can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. In its current implementation, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits only single-optimum models. ANOVA's and MANOVA's in a phylogenetic context can also be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A GLS linear model (sensu Garland and Ives 2000) can be fitted using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; PHYLOGR&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;; the more traditional GLS methods (senu Grafen or Martins) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic autoregression (sensu Cheverud et al) and Phylogenetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; or--if you wish the significance test of Moran's I to be calculated via a randomization procedure--in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait evolution''': Independent contrasts for continuous characters can be calculated using &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; &lt;/ins&gt;ape &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;. Pagel's continuous and discrete analyzes can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. In its current implementation, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits only single-optimum models&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; Matticce &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements an information-theoretic approach to estimating where transitions in a continuous character have occurred on a phylogenetic tree, provides helper functions for &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; to automate the process of painting regimes and to summarize analyses over trees and over regimes, and provides a simulation functions for visualizing how diﬀerent model parameters affect inference of the evolution of a continuous character&lt;/ins&gt;. ANOVA's and MANOVA's in a phylogenetic context can also be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A GLS linear model (sensu Garland and Ives 2000) can be fitted using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; PHYLOGR&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;; the more traditional GLS methods (senu Grafen or Martins) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic autoregression (sensu Cheverud et al) and Phylogenetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; or--if you wish the significance test of Moran's I to be calculated via a randomization procedure--in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait Simulations''' : Continuous traits can be simulated using brownian motion in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, the Hansen model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and a speciational model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Discrete traits can be simulated using a continuous time Markov model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Both discrete and continuous traits can be simulated under models where rates change through time in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;'''Trait Simulations''' : Continuous traits can be simulated using brownian motion in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, the Hansen model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and a speciational model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Discrete traits can be simulated using a continuous time Markov model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Both discrete and continuous traits can be simulated under models where rates change through time in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=629&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar: /* CRAN packages */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=629&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-01-16T18:50:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;CRAN packages&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Packages and Analyses available in R==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The history of life unfolds within a phylogenetic context. Comparative phylogenetic methods are statistical approaches for analyzing historical patterns along phylogenetic trees. This task view describes R packages that implement a variety of different comparative phylogenetic methods. This is an active research area and much of the information is subject to change.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Ancestral state reconstruction''' : Continuous characters can be reconstructed using maximum likelihood, generalised least squares or independent contrasts in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Root ancestral character states under Brownian motion or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models can be reconstructed in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, though ancestral states at the internal nodes are not. Discrete characters can be reconstructed using a variety of Markovian models that parameterize the transition rates among states using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Diversification Analysis''': Lineage through time plots can be done in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; laser &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A simple birth-death model for when you have extant species only (sensu Nee et al. 1994) can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; as can survival models and goodness-of-fit tests (as applied to testing of models of diversification). &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; Laser&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements likelihood methods using a model testing approach for inferring temporal shifts in diversification rates based on a birth-death or pure-birth process. The gamma statistic (Pybus and Harvey 2000) is also available in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; laser&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Colless and Sackin's topological methods for analyzing diversification are available in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; apTreeshape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; as is the test for significant shifts in diversification (sensu Moore, Chan and Donoghue 2004). Net rates of diversification (sensu Magellon and Sanderson) can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Divergence Times''': Non-parametric rate smoothing (NPRS) and penalized likelihood can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Phylogenetic Inference''': Maximum likelihood, UPGMA, neighbour joining, bio-nj and fast ME methods of phylogenetic reconstruction are all implemented in the package &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic trees can be reconstructed using Maximum likelihood, Maximum Parsimony or Hadamard conjugation with &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; phangorn &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. For more information on importing sequence data, see the Genetics task view.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Time series''': Paleontological time series data can be analyzed using a likelihood-based framework for fitting and comparing models (using a model testing approach) of phyletic evolution (based on the random walk or stasis model) using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; paleoTS&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tree Simulations''': Trees can be simulated using a Yule, PDA, biased or speciation specified model in apTreeshape, a birth-death process in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; PhySim &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Random trees can be generated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; by random splitting of edges (for non-parametric trees) or random clustering of tips (for coalescent trees).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Trait evolution''': Independent contrasts for continuous characters can be calculated using ape. Pagel's continuous and discrete analyzes can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. In its current implementation, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits only single-optimum models. ANOVA's and MANOVA's in a phylogenetic context can also be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A GLS linear model (sensu Garland and Ives 2000) can be fitted using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; PHYLOGR&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;; the more traditional GLS methods (senu Grafen or Martins) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic autoregression (sensu Cheverud et al) and Phylogenetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; or--if you wish the significance test of Moran's I to be calculated via a randomization procedure--in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Trait Simulations''' : Continuous traits can be simulated using brownian motion in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, the Hansen model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and a speciational model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Discrete traits can be simulated using a continuous time Markov model in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Both discrete and continuous traits can be simulated under models where rates change through time in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tree Manipulation''' : Branch length scaling using ACDC; Pagel's (1999) lambda, delta and kappa parameters; and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck alpha parameter (for ultrametric trees only) are available in &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Rooting, resolving polytomies, dropping of tips, setting of branch lengths including Grafen's method can all be done using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Trees can be pruned from specified nodes using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; apTreeshape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and extinct taxa can be pruned using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Tree Plotting and Visualization''': User inputted trees can be plotted using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Trees can also be examined (zoomed) and viewed as correlograms using ape. Ancestral state reconstructions can be visualized along branches using &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color: green&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== R packages as lists ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Packages on CRAN ===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ade4/index.html ade4]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ape/index.html ape]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/apTreeshape/index.html apTreeshape]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geiger/index.html geiger]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/laser/index.html laser]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ouch/index.html OUCH]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/paleoTS/index.html PaleoTS]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/phangorn/index.html phangorn]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PHYLOGR/index.html PHYLOGR]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PhySim/index.html PhySim]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/picante/index.html picante]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Packages not yet on CRAN ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/mattice/ maticce]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://phylobase.r-forge.r-project.org/ phylobase]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/rmesquite/ RMesquite]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Development links for packages ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/ade4/ ade4]&lt;br /&gt;
* ape: [http://ape.mpl.ird.fr/ home page] and [https://svn.mpl.ird.fr/ape/ svn repository]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/mattice/ maticce]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/ouch/ OUCH]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://phylobase.r-forge.r-project.org/ phylobase]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://picante.r-forge.r-project.org/ picante]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/rmesquite/ RMesquite]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
# Butler MA, King AA 2004 Phylogenetic comparative analysis: A modeling approach for adaptive evolution. American Naturalist 164, 683-695.&lt;br /&gt;
# Cheverud JM, Dow MM, Leutenegger W 1985 The quantitative assessment of phylogenetic constraints in comparative analyses: Sexual dimorphism in body weight among primates. Evolution 39, 1335-1351.&lt;br /&gt;
# Garland T, Harvey PH, Ives AR 1992 Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Systematic Biology 41, 18-32.&lt;br /&gt;
# Hansen TF 1997. Stabilizing selection and the comparative analysis of adaptation. Evolution 51: 1341-1351.&lt;br /&gt;
# Magallon S, Sanderson, M.J. 2001. Absolute Diversification Rates in Angiosperm Clades. Evolution 55(9):1762-1780.&lt;br /&gt;
# Moore, BR, Chan, KMA, Donoghue, MJ (2004) Detecting diversification rate variation in supertrees. In Bininda-Emonds ORP (ed) Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information to Reveal the Tree of Life, Kluwer Academic pgs 487-533.&lt;br /&gt;
# Nee S, May RM, Harvey PH 1994. The reconstructed evolutionary process. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 344: 305-311.&lt;br /&gt;
# Pagel M 1999 Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution. Nature 401, 877-884&lt;br /&gt;
# Pybus OG, Harvey PH 2000. Testing macro-evolutionary models using incomplete molecular phylogenies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 267, 2267-2272.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:HowTo]][[Category:R Help]][[Category:Comparative Methods Help]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=622&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar at 02:41, 16 March 2008</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=622&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2008-03-16T02:41:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 02:41, 16 March 2008&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;#&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;REDIRECT &lt;/del&gt;[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Packages&amp;amp;AnalysesAvailable&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Packages and Analyses available in R==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The history of life unfolds within a phylogenetic context. Comparative phylogenetic methods are statistical approaches for analyzing historical patterns along phylogenetic trees. This task view describes R packages that implement a variety of different comparative phylogenetic methods. This is an active research area and much of the information is subject to change.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ancestral state reconstruction : Continuous characters can be reconstructed using maximum likelihood, generalised least squares or independent contrasts in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Root ancestral character states under Brownian motion or Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models can be reconstructed in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, though ancestral states at the internal nodes are not. Discrete characters can be reconstructed using a variety of Markovian models that parameterize the transition rates among states using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Diversification Analysis: Lineage through time plots can be done in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; laser &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A simple birth-death model for when you have extant species only (sensu Nee et al. 1994) can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; as can survival models and goodness-of-fit tests (as applied to testing of models of diversification). &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; Laser&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; implements likelihood methods using a model testing approach for inferring temporal shifts in diversification rates based on a birth-death or pure-birth process. The gamma statistic (Pybus and Harvey 2000) is also available in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; laser&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Colless and Sackin's topological methods for analyzing diversification are available in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; apTreeshape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; as is the test for significant shifts in diversification (sensu Moore, Chan and Donoghue 2004). Net rates of diversification (sensu Magellon and Sanderson) can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Divergence Times: Non-parametric rate smoothing (NPRS) and penalized likelihood can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Phylogenetic Inference: Maximum likelihood, UPGMA, neighbour joining, bio-nj and fast ME methods of phylogenetic reconstruction are all implemented in the package &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. For more information on importing sequence data, see the Genetics task view.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Time series: Paleontological time series data can be analyzed using a likelihood-based framework for fitting and comparing models (using a model testing approach) of phyletic evolution (based on the random walk or stasis model) using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; paleoTS&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tree Simulations: Trees can be simulated using a Yule, PDA, biased or speciation specified model in apTreeshape, a birth-death process in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; PhySim &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Random trees can be generated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; by random splitting of edges (for non-parametric trees) or random clustering of tips (for coalescent trees).&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Trait evolution: Independent contrasts for continuous characters can be calculated using ape. Pagel's continuous and discrete analyzes can be calculated in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) models can be fitted in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. In its current implementation, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; fits only single-optimum models. ANOVA's and MANOVA's in a phylogenetic context can also be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. A GLS linear model (sensu Garland and Ives 2000) can be fitted using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; PHYLOGR&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;; the more traditional GLS methods (senu Grafen or Martins) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Phylogenetic autoregression (sensu Cheverud et al) and Phylogenetic autocorrelation (Moran's I) can be implemented in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; or--if you wish the significance test of Moran's I to be calculated via a randomization procedure--in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Trait Simulations : Continuous traits can be simulated using brownian motion in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, the Hansen model in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and a speciational model in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Discrete traits can be simulated using a continuous time Markov model in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Both discrete and continuous traits can be simulated under models where rates change through time in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tree Manipulation : Branch length scaling using ACDC; Pagel's (1999) lambda, delta and kappa parameters; and the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck alpha parameter (for ultrametric trees only) are available in &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Rooting, resolving polytomies, dropping of tips, setting of branch lengths including Grafen's method can all be done using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Trees can be pruned from specified nodes using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; apTreeshape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and extinct taxa can be pruned using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; geiger &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tree Plotting and Visualization: User inputted trees can be plotted using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;, &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ade4 &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; OUCH &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;. Trees can also be examined (zoomed) and viewed as correlograms using ape. Ancestral state reconstructions can be visualized along branches using &amp;lt;span style=&quot;color: green&quot;&amp;gt; ape &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; .&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==CRAN packages==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ape/index.html| ade4]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ade4/index.html| ape]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/apTreeshape/index.html| apTreeshape]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/geiger/index.html| geiger]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/laser/index.html| laser]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ouch/index.html| OUCH]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/paleoTS/index.html| PaleoTS]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PHYLOGR/index.html| PHYLOGR]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;* [http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/PhySim/index.html| PhySim]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==References==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Butler MA, King AA 2004 Phylogenetic comparative analysis: A modeling approach for adaptive evolution. American Naturalist 164, 683-695.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Cheverud JM, Dow MM, Leutenegger W 1985 The quantitative assessment of phylogenetic constraints in comparative analyses: Sexual dimorphism in body weight among primates. Evolution 39, 1335-1351.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Garland T, Harvey PH, Ives AR 1992 Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Systematic Biology 41, 18-32.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Hansen TF 1997. Stabilizing selection and the comparative analysis of adaptation. Evolution 51: 1341-1351.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Magallon S, Sanderson, M.J. 2001. Absolute Diversification Rates in Angiosperm Clades. Evolution 55(9):1762-1780.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Moore, BR, Chan, KMA, Donoghue, MJ (2004) Detecting diversification rate variation in supertrees. In Bininda-Emonds ORP (ed) Phylogenetic Supertrees: Combining Information to Reveal the Tree of Life, Kluwer Academic pgs 487-533.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Nee S, May RM, Harvey PH 1994. The reconstructed evolutionary process. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 344: 305-311.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Pagel M 1999 Inferring the historical patterns of biological evolution. Nature 401, 877-884&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# Pybus OG, Harvey PH 2000. Testing macro-evolutionary models using incomplete molecular phylogenies. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences 267, 2267-2272.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Category:HowTo]][[Category:R Help]][[Category:Comparative Methods Help&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=621&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Hilmar: HowTo/Taskview moved to Available Packages and Analyses</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.r-phylo.org/w/index.php?title=Available_Packages_and_Analyses&amp;diff=621&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2008-03-16T02:39:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/HowTo/Taskview&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;HowTo/Taskview&quot;&gt;HowTo/Taskview&lt;/a&gt; moved to &lt;a href=&quot;/wiki/Available_Packages_and_Analyses&quot; title=&quot;Available Packages and Analyses&quot;&gt;Available Packages and Analyses&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Packages&amp;amp;AnalysesAvailable]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Hilmar</name></author>
	</entry>
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